Q12. (a) State, with reasons, the potential hazards that may be present in EACH of the following spaces:
(i) an oily bilge tank; (2) (ii) a ballast tank; (2) (iii) a refrigerated space. (2)
(b) State the procedures to be undertaken prior to entering enclosed spaces. (4)
Q13. (a) Explain why twin skeg rudders may be fitted on some vessels. (3)
(b) Explain the advantages of a twin skeg installation in modern vessels with a large cargo carrying capacity. (7)
Q14. (a) State the system of classification for access doors passing through watertight bulkheads of a vessel. (3)
(b) State THREE circumstances under which all watertight doors must be closed when situations are defined as potentially hazardous. (3)
(c) Explain the safety features built into the watertight door operating system to enhance safety to personnel. (4)
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