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Q12. (a) Describe, with the aid of sketch, how a hydraulically operated folding hatch cover opens and closes. (7)

(b) Explain how the water tightness and security of the hatch cover sketched in part (a) can be ascertained before proceeding to sea. (3)

Q13. (a) state the advantages and disadvantages of aluminium alloy in ship building. (4)

(b) Describe, with the aid of sketch, a method of welding aluminium panels. (6)

Q14. With reference to the international conventional for the control and management of ship’s Ballast Water and Sediments;

(a) state the aims of the Ballast Water Management Convention; (2)

(b) Explain the difference between ballast water standards D-1 and D-2; (2)

(c) State with reasons, the documentation required by ships in international traffic to manage their Ballast Water and Sediments; (6)