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Q12. With reference to drainage from a ship’s external structure, explain EACH of the following :

(a) why scuppers are located in close proximity to the superstructure, whereas freeing ports are generally located at open areas of the weather deck;  (3)

(b) why it essential that scuppers and freeing ports are operational at all times ;  (4)

(c) why oil tankers have handrails on the main cargo deck other than for reasons of personnel safety. (3)