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Q12. With reference to drainage from a ship’s external structure, explain EACH of the following :

(a) Why scuppers are located in close proximity to the superstructure, whereas freeing ports are generally located at open areas of the weather deck?  (3)

(b) Why it essential that scuppers and freeing ports are operational at all times? (4)

(c) Why oil tankers have handrails on the main cargo deck other than for reasons of personnel safety? (3)