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Q3. Heptane (C₇H₁₆) is burned with an air fuel ratio of 13:1 by mass.

The combustion products are then cooled to a temperature of 127℃ at a constant pressure of 1.105 bar.

Calculate EACH of the following for 1 kg of fuel:

(a) the mass of carbon burned to CO₂; (6)

(b) the volumetric analysis of the total combustion products; (6)

(c) the volume of combustion products after cooling. (4)

Note: atomic mass relationships H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, N = 14,

Universal gas constant R_o = 8.3145 kJ/kmol K

Air contains 23.3% oxygen by mass.