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Q9. A valve spindle of total length 250 mm is 20 mm diameter for 100 mm of its length and 30 mm diameter for the remainder.

The valve spindle is at a temperature of 120"C and at this temperature, it is free of stress. The spindle cools to 20"C but is only able to contract by 0.25 mm lengthwise.

Calculate the maximum stress in the spindle. (16)

Note:

The Modulus of Elasticity for the spindle material= 200 GN/m²

Coefficient of linear expansion for spindle material = 12×10⁶ per ℃.