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Q3. A fuel containing 80% carbon, 17% hydrogen and 3% oxygen by mass is completely burned with 10% excess air.

Use the equations of combustion by mass to calculate EACH of the following:

(a) The air to fuel ratio by mass ;(5)

(b) The volumetric analysis of the flue gas;(5)

(c) The characteristic gas constant for the dry flue gas;(2)

(d) The adiabatic index for the dry flue gas. (4)

Note: atomic mass relationships C = 12, N = 14, O = 16, H =1.

Air contains 23.3 % oxygen by mass

The universal gas constant R0 = 8.3145 kJ/kmol K

For CO₂, C_P = 1.148 kJ/kg K

N₂, C_P = 1.111 kJ/kg K

O₂, C_P = 1.043 kJ/kg K