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Q1. A short vertical tubular column of 180 mm outside diameter and 140 mm inside diameter is used to support a lighting fixture which is to be offset from the centreline of the column. The lighting fixture consists of a circular cap of mass 4 kg, which sits concentrically above the column, and an offset lighting fixture of mass 0.9 kg supported by an arm of negligible mass.

Calculate the greatest allowable offset of the lighting fixture from the centre-line of the column, if no part of the column is to be placed in tension.