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Q3. Two close coiled helical springs are used in parallel for an engine valve assembly. The springs have the following dimensions:

During the fitting of the valve to the springs, the outer spring is compressed 8 mm more than the inner spring. The final force on the spring assembly is 700 N. Calculate EACH of the following:

(a) The compression of the inner spring when the valve is closed;

(b) The maximum shear stress in each spring when the valve is opened vertically downwards by 30 mm.

Note: Modulus of Rigidity of Spring Material = 70 GN/m²