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Q9. A 10 m straight length of steel steam pipe, 180 mm external diameter and 7 mm thick, connects two bulkheads. It is fitted at a temperature of 16℃ with linear expansion restricted to 8 mm.

Calculate EACH of the following:

(a) the stress in the pipe when heated to 200℃. (6)

(b) the force exerted by the pipe due to compression. (6)

(c) the strain energy stored within the pipe. (4)

Note:

Modulus of Elasticity for steel = 206 GN/m².

Coefficient of linear expansion for steel = 12×10^-6/℃.