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Q2. Fig Q3 shows a basic voltage stabilizer circuit intended to give a regulated output of 8 V d.c. from an unregulated input which can vary between 12 V and 20V. The Zener diode has a breakdown voltage of 8 V, a forward resistance after breakdown of 2 () and requires a minimum forward current of 2 mA. The Zener Diode has a maximum power rating of 1 W. Calculate EACH of the following:

(a) The minimum value of the sense resistance ‘R’;

(b) The regulated output voltage when the input is 15 V and the toad output current is 40 mA;

(a) The maximum permissible output current for satisfactory regulation if the input voltage is 12 V.