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Q2 a). The force F produced on a ship’s rudder is proportional to the area A of the rudder. the square of the ship’s speed V, in knots, and the sine ratio of the rudder angle, θ.

For a ship travelling at 12 knots, with a rudder area 30 m² operating at an angle of 30°, the rudder loss is 320 kN.

Calculate the force on a similar rudder of area 25 m² operating at an angle of 22° when the ship’s speed is 16 knots. (8)

b) W = (4 - (8/(x + 1)))/(x - (2/(x + 1)) )

i. Express W as a single algebraic fraction it its simplest form (6)

ii. Solve for x when W = 3 (2)