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Q13. (a) With reference to bilge keels:

(i) describe how the design and method of attachment reduces the possibility of damage to the shell plate; (5)

(ii) state what testing must be carried out. (2)

(b) Explain why the bilge keels do not extend the full length of the vessel. (3)

Q14. As Chief Engineer officer, write a dry dock specification for the repair of the following damage that has occurred, stating what factors have to be considered when costing the repairs. Damage to water ballast tank number 1 port wing. The shell plating 15 mm thick for approx 2 metres square has to be removed and replaced along with the relevant damaged stiffeners. (10)

With reference to cargo hatch covers on large container ships:

(a) describe how they are tested for weathertightness; (2)

(b) explain how the weight of the hatch and containers is transferred to the ship's structure whilst allowing for deflections of the hull in a seaway;(3)

(c) describe, with the aid of a sketch, the type and location of damage that can occur due to wear of the hatch supporting arrangements. (5)