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Q12. (a) Describe, with the aid of sketch, how a hydraulically operated folding hatch cover opens and closes. (7)

(b) Explain how the water tightness and security of the hatch cover sketched in part (a) can be ascertained before proceeding to sea. (3)

Q12. (a) State, with reasons, the potential hazards that may be present in EACH of the following spaces:

(i) an oily bilge tank; (2)      (ii) a ballast tank; (2)           (iii) a refrigerated space. (2)

(b) State the procedures to be undertaken prior to entering enclosed spaces. (4)

Q12. With reference to roll reduction systems, explain the principles of operation of EACH of the following, stating the advantages and disadvantages of EACH:

(i) Bilge keels (5)

(ii) Passive Uncontrolled Tanks (5)