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Q12. With reference to ship construction:

(a) Explain why conventional liquid carriers are divided by longitudinal bulkheads. (2)

(b) Explain why ore carriers may be fitted with wing tanks (2)

(c) State, other than the carriage of liquids, the purposes of double bottom tanks in dry cargo ships.

(d) State FOUR reasons for transverse watertight bulkheads in ship construction (4)

Q13. With reference to structural fire protection in passenger ship accommodation spaces;

(a) Define the meaning of EACH of the following

(i) Class A Bulkheads (3)

(ii) Class B Bulkheads (3)

(b) Where class A bulkheads have to be penetrated, explain how the integrity of the bulkhead is retained with respect to EACH of the following.

(i) Doors (2)

(ii) Ventilation trunking (2)

Q14. As chief engineer officer outline the essential information to be supplied to the drydock management prior to drydocking a vessel. (10)